Research · Travel Costs

How Much Is 75,000 Chase Points Worth for Travel (2026 Data)

What 75,000 Chase Ultimate Rewards points buy in Chase Travel, with Points Boost and through transfers, how Amex points compare, and US data on rewards earned, redeemed, forfeited and the fees behind them.

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Key findings

  1. $750At the base rate, 75,000 Chase points are worth $750, or up to $1,500 with Points Boost on Sapphire Reserve.
  2. $1,125With Points Boost on Sapphire Preferred, 75,000 points can cover up to $1,125 of select flights or hotels.
  3. 56,250From October 1, 2026, 75,000 Sapphire Preferred points transfer into 56,250 World of Hyatt points.
  4. 0.7 centsAmex points are worth 1 cent on flights booked through Amex Travel but 0.7 cents on prepaid hotels.
  5. $47.0 billionCardholders earned $47.0 billion in rewards on major US issuers' general purpose cards in 2024.
  6. $191.86The average US rewards card account held $191.86 in rewards balances at the end of 2024.
  7. $127The average annual fee on US cards that charge one reached $127 in 2024, up 21% since 2022.
  8. $16.0 billionChase's credit card rewards liability reached $16.0 billion at the end of 2025, 2.5 times 2019.

How much is 75,000 Chase points worth for travel? At the base rate of one cent a point, 75,000 Chase Ultimate Rewards points buy $7501 of flights or hotels in Chase Travel. With a Points Boost offer, the same balance can cover up to $1,1251 on a Sapphire Preferred card or up to $1,5001 on a Sapphire Reserve card, but only on the select bookings that carry an offer.2 Moved to World of Hyatt from a Sapphire Preferred card, the points become 56,2501 Hyatt points at the 4:3 rate that covers every Preferred account from October 1, 2026.3

The balance sits inside a much larger system. Cardholders earned $47.0 billion4 in rewards on major issuers' general purpose cards in 2024, the average rewards account held $191.864 at the end of that year, and the average annual fee on cards that charge one reached $127.024. The sections below cover what a point buys and when that changes, how transfers and Amex points compare, how Americans earn, redeem and lose rewards, what the issuers owe, and how cash prices for flights and hotels move the value of a point fixed at one cent.

What 75,000 Chase points buy in Chase Travel

The base rate: one cent per point

Chase sets the value of an Ultimate Rewards point in its rewards agreement: when points are redeemed for cash, gift cards or travel, each point is worth $0.015, so 1005 points equal $1. That makes 75,000 points worth $7501 of any flight, hotel or car booked through Chase Travel, whatever the card. The points do not expire as long as the account stays open.5

Points Boost: up to 1.5 or 2 cents on select bookings

The higher values come from Points Boost, launched in June 2025.6 With an offer, 1002 points can be worth up to $1.502 on Sapphire Preferred, Ink Business Preferred and Ink Plus cards, and up to $2.002 on Sapphire Reserve, J.P. Morgan Reserve and Sapphire Reserve for Business cards. The offers cover select airline tickets and hotel stays, change on a rotating basis and are refreshed periodically.7 Both figures are ceilings: the rate a typical booking gets is not published.

What 75,000 Chase points buy in Chase Travel
Dollar value of 75,000 Ultimate Rewards points at each redemption rate in force on September 25, 2026; Points Boost values are the highest rate an offer can carry (up to), on select flights and hotels only; our calculation from the issuer's printed rates
Unit: US dollars (USD) for 75,000 points
  1. Sapphire Reserve with Points Boost (up to 2 cents)$1,500
  2. Sapphire Preferred with Points Boost (up to 1.5 cents)$1,125
  3. Sapphire Reserve, points earned before Oct 26, 2025 (1.5 cents until Oct 26, 2027)$1,125
  4. Base rate, every card (1 cent)$750
Source: Travel Statistics Bureau calculation from Chase Sapphire product pages, rewards agreement and press release (2025-2026)5261travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The Reserve Boost ceiling of $1,500 is 2 times the $750 base value.
  • Sapphire Preferred's ceiling adds up to $375 over the base.
  • Grandfathered Reserve points and the Preferred ceiling both reach $1,125.

The gap between the floor and the ceiling is wide. On a Sapphire Preferred card a Boosted booking can add up to $3751 to the value of 75,000 points; on a Sapphire Reserve card it can add up to $7501, doubling the balance's value. The Reserve's own welcome offer prints the same math: 100,0002 points are described as a $2,0002 value for select flights and hotels through Chase Travel, which is 2 cents a point, against $1,0001 at the base rate.

How many points a $500 trip takes

Turned around, the rate sets the price of a trip in points:

  • A $5001 booking costs 50,0001 points at the base rate of one cent.
  • At a Points Boost rate of 1.5 cents, it costs 33,3341 points (rounded up).
  • At a Points Boost rate of 2 cents, it costs 25,0001 points.

The two Sapphire cards today

The two personal Sapphire cards differ most in fee, welcome offer and Boost ceiling. Both value a point at one cent in Chase Travel when no offer applies.

Chase Sapphire Preferred vs Sapphire Reserve, September 2026
Terms in force on September 25, 2026 for new cardmembers: annual fee, welcome offer, point values and the World of Hyatt transfer ratio
Unit: US dollars, points and ratios (see rows)
Annual fee$95$795
Welcome offer75,000 points100,000 points
Spending required$5,000 in the first 3 months$6,000 in the first 3 months
Base value per point in Chase Travel$0.01$0.01
Points Boost ceiling per pointup to $0.015up to $0.02
Points per dollar on Chase Travel purchases5x8x
World of Hyatt transfer ratio4:3 (existing cardmembers from Oct 1, 2026)1:1
Source: Chase Sapphire Preferred and Sapphire Reserve product pages, Sapphire Preferred benefits page and press release82593travelstatisticsbureau.com

The Sapphire Preferred offer is 75,0008 points after $5,0008 of purchases in the first 3 months, on a card with a $958 annual fee. Because the required spending earns at least one point per dollar, meeting the offer leaves at least 80,0001 points. At the base rate alone, the 75,000 bonus points are worth 7.891 times the first year's fee. The Sapphire Reserve asks $6,0002 of spending for 100,0002 points and charges $7952 a year, plus $1952 for each authorized user; 75,000 points at its $1,5001 Boost ceiling cover 1.891 times that fee.

So does the card you hold change the value of the same point? Only on Boosted bookings and in a few dated rules.

How much are Chase points worth for travel?

Every Ultimate Rewards card starts from the same one-cent base in Chase Travel. For Chase Travel purchases that are not eligible for a Points Boost offer, points are redeemed at a 1:1 rate, which replaced the 1.5x rate that Sapphire Reserve cards used to redeem at on all Chase Travel bookings.6 What differs by card is the Boost ceiling, shown below as the value of 100 points.

Points Boost ceiling by Chase card
Highest value of 100 Ultimate Rewards points on a Points Boost offer in Chase Travel, by card, September 25, 2026; the base row is the rate for bookings without an offer on every card
Unit: US dollars (USD) per 100 points
Sapphire ReservePersonal$2.00
J.P. Morgan ReservePersonal$2.00
Sapphire Reserve for BusinessBusiness$2.00
Sapphire PreferredPersonal$1.50
Ink Business PreferredBusiness$1.50
Ink PlusBusiness$1.50
Base rate without an offer (all Ultimate Rewards cards)All$1.00
Source: Chase Sapphire Reserve product page, Points Boost terms2travelstatisticsbureau.com

One group of cardmembers keeps a higher rate for a while. Points earned before October 26, 2025 by Sapphire Reserve cardmembers who applied before June 23, 2025 can still be redeemed at 1.5x in Chase Travel until October 26, 2027, and those points automatically get the better of Points Boost or 1.5x.6 For 75,000 such points that is $1,1251 on any Chase Travel booking until the deadline.

Other rules change on fixed dates too. The Sapphire Preferred refresh of June 15, 2026 kept the $953 fee, added 3x points on gas, EV charging and vacation homes, raised the yearly Chase Travel hotel credit to $1003 and ended the 10% anniversary bonus for new applicants.3 The dates that matter for the value of a balance are listed in order.

Chase Ultimate Rewards rule changes by date, 2025-2027
Dated changes to Sapphire and Ink point values, earning and transfers announced by the issuer, June 2025 to October 2027
Unit: dates (text)
June 23, 2025Points Boost launched; new Sapphire Reserve with a $795 fee; non-Boost Chase Travel redemptions at 1:1 for new Reserve cardmembers
October 26, 2025Existing Reserve cardmembers move to the new benefits; points earned before this date keep 1.5x for cardmembers who applied before June 23, 2025
June 15, 2026Sapphire Preferred refresh; World of Hyatt at 4:3 for new Preferred cardmembers; 10% anniversary bonus ends for new applicants
September 30, 2026Last day of 1:1 World of Hyatt transfers for Preferred accounts opened before June 15, 2026
October 1, 2026World of Hyatt at 4:3 for existing Preferred cardmembers and all Ink Business Preferred, Ink Plus and Corporate Flex cardmembers; last day of anniversary-bonus earning for earlier Preferred cardmembers
January 31, 2027Final 10% anniversary bonuses awarded
September 30, 20275x points on Lyft for Sapphire Preferred ends
October 26, 2027Reserve 1.5x rate on points earned before October 26, 2025 ends
Source: Chase press releases (June 23, 2025 and June 15, 2026) and Sapphire Preferred benefits page639travelstatisticsbureau.com

Moving points to airlines and hotels

Instead of booking through Chase Travel, points can be moved to 149 airline and hotel programs: 109 airlines and 49 hotel groups. Transfers go in 1,0005-point steps to the cardmember's own account or one authorized user's, and once moved the points follow the partner program's rules.5 Most partners take points at 1:1, so 75,000 Ultimate Rewards points become 75,000 miles or hotel points.9

World of Hyatt is the exception. On Sapphire Preferred, 1,000 Ultimate Rewards points now become 750 Hyatt points, a 4:3 ratio: immediately for cards opened on or after June 15, 2026, and from October 1, 2026 for earlier Preferred cardmembers and all Ink Business Preferred, Ink Plus and Corporate Flex cards.3 At that ratio 75,000 points turn into 56,2501 Hyatt points. Sapphire Reserve is not part of the change and keeps 1:1.3

Chase Ultimate Rewards transfer partners and what 75,000 points become
All 14 airline and hotel programs, transfer ratio on Sapphire Preferred and Sapphire Reserve, and the partner points or miles received for 75,000 Ultimate Rewards points on Sapphire Preferred from October 1, 2026
Unit: ratio; partner miles or points
Aer Lingus AerClubAirline1:11:175,000
Air Canada AeroplanAirline1:11:175,000
Air France KLM Flying BlueAirline1:11:175,000
British Airways Executive ClubAirline1:11:175,000
Iberia PlusAirline1:11:175,000
JetBlue TrueBlueAirline1:11:175,000
Singapore Airlines KrisFlyerAirline1:11:175,000
Southwest Airlines Rapid RewardsAirline1:11:175,000
United MileagePlusAirline1:11:175,000
Virgin Atlantic Flying ClubAirline1:11:175,000
IHG One RewardsHotel1:11:175,000
Marriott BonvoyHotel1:11:175,000
Wyndham RewardsHotel1:11:175,000
World of HyattHotel4:3 (1:1 until Sep 30, 2026 for accounts opened before Jun 15, 2026)1:156,250
Source: Chase Sapphire Preferred benefits page and press release (June 15, 2026)93travelstatisticsbureau.com

A transfer changes what the points are measured in, not their cash value. Chase prints no dollar value for partner miles or hotel points: once they sit in an airline or hotel program, the price of a seat or a night is set by that program.5

The same 75,000 points are therefore a fixed $7501 in Chase Travel but 75,000 airline miles whose buying power depends on each airline's award prices.

How much are Amex points worth for travel?

American Express Membership Rewards points have no single value either; the rate depends on how they are used. Using the Platinum Card as the example, flights booked through American Express Travel get 1 cent10 a point, so 50,00010 points cover a $50010 plane ticket. Other travel booked through the same portal, such as prepaid hotels, gets 0.7 cents10 a point, and paying with points at checkout gets between 0.7 and 1 cent.10 Gift cards reach up to one cent, and covering card charges gets 0.6 cents10. Membership Rewards points also transfer to airline and hotel programs, generally 1:1, and they do not expire as long as the cardmember has at least one active card enrolled in the program and the account is in good standing.10

American Express Membership Rewards point value by redemption option
Cents per point by redemption option as printed for the Platinum Card, updated April 30, 2026; options with a range are shown at the printed end named in the label; values are subject to change
Unit: US cents per point
  1. Flights through Amex Travel1.0 cents
  2. Gift cards (up to)1.0 cents
  3. Pay with Points (from)0.7 cents
  4. Prepaid hotels through Amex Travel0.7 cents
  5. Covering card charges0.6 cents
Source: American Express, How Much Are Membership Rewards Points Worth? (updated April 30, 2026)10travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Flights through Amex Travel get 1.0 cents a point.
  • Prepaid hotels get 0.7 cents, 0.3 cents less than flights.
  • Covering card charges gets the least, 0.6 cents.
What 75,000 Membership Rewards points are worth by option
Cents per point as printed for the Platinum Card and the dollar value of 75,000 points (our calculation); updated April 30, 2026
Unit: US cents per point; US dollars for 75,000 points
Flights through Amex Travel1.0$750
Gift cards (up to)1.0up to $750
Pay with Points (from)0.7$525 to $750
Prepaid hotels through Amex Travel0.7$525
Covering card charges0.6$450
Source: American Express points-value article; Travel Statistics Bureau calculation101travelstatisticsbureau.com

For 75,000 points the spread runs from $7501 on flights booked through the portal to $5251 on prepaid hotels and $4501 when the points cover card charges. A balance of the same size is worth the same $7501 on an Amex Travel flight as on any Chase Travel booking at the base rate, but less on hotels.

The cards that earn these points cost very different amounts to hold. The Platinum Card charges $89511 a year and the Gold Card $32512, against $7952 for Sapphire Reserve and $958 for Sapphire Preferred.

Annual fee by travel rewards card, 2026
Annual fee for the primary (basic) cardmember on four travel rewards cards, September 25, 2026
Unit: US dollars (USD) per year
  1. American Express Platinum Card$895
  2. Chase Sapphire Reserve$795
  3. American Express Gold Card$325
  4. Chase Sapphire Preferred$95
Source: American Express and Chase card product pages (accessed September 25, 2026)111228travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The Platinum Card's $895 fee is $800 more than Sapphire Preferred's $95.
  • Sapphire Reserve costs $795, $100 less than the Platinum Card.
  • The Gold Card's $325 sits between the two Chase cards.

How Americans earn card rewards

Rewards cards now carry almost all card spending. On major issuers' general purpose cards, the share of purchase volume on rewards cards rose from 84.6%4 in 2015 to 92.3%4 in 2023 and 2024, 7.71 percentage points in nine years. A straight trend line through these years would pass 100% before 2050, and a share of spending cannot, so the years are shown as a table without a trend line.

Share of card spending on rewards cards, 2015-2024
Share of general purpose credit card purchase volume on cards that earn rewards, major US issuers, all credit tiers, yearly
Unit: percent of purchase volume
201584.6%
201685.1%
201785.8%
201887.6%
201990.3%
202090.6%
202190.6%
202291.1%
202392.3%
202492.3%
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 99)4travelstatisticsbureau.com

The share differs by credit score. Cardholders with superprime and prime plus scores put 93.9%4 of their card spending on rewards cards in 2024, against 72.5%4 for deep subprime cardholders.

Share of card spending on rewards cards by credit tier, 2024
Share of general purpose credit card purchase volume on rewards cards, major US issuers, 2024, by credit score tier (superprime 800+, prime plus 720-799, prime 660-719, near-prime 620-659, subprime 580-619, deep subprime 579 or less)
Unit: percent of purchase volume
  1. Superprime and prime plus93.9%
  2. Prime86.5%
  3. Near-prime81.2%
  4. Subprime77.6%
  5. Deep subprime72.5%
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 99)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Superprime and prime plus reached 93.9%.
  • Deep subprime was 72.5%, 21.4 points lower.
  • Near-prime stood at 81.2%.

Accounts tell the same story. The share of card accounts that earn no rewards at all fell from 32.9%4 in 2015 to 20.3%4 in 2024, while cash back cards grew from 28.0%4 to 36.4%4 of accounts. Points and other cards, the category that includes Chase and American Express cards, held 33.2%4 in 2024, and miles cards 10.1%4.

Card accounts by type of reward, 2015-2024
Share of general purpose credit card accounts by the reward the card earns, major US issuers, yearly; the four types add up to 100%
Unit: percent of accounts
  • Cash back
  • Points and other
  • No rewards
  • Miles
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 101)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • No-rewards accounts fell from 32.9% to 20.3%.
  • Cash back rose from 28.0% to 36.4%.
  • Miles cards moved from 8.9% to 10.1%.

In 2024 cash back was the most common reward, just ahead of points and other.4

Card accounts by type of reward, 2024
Share of general purpose credit card accounts by reward type, major US issuers, 2024
Unit: percent of accounts
  1. Cash back36.4%36.4%
  2. Points and other33.2%33.2%
  3. No rewards20.3%20.3%
  4. Miles10.1%10.1%
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 101)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Cash back held 36.4% of accounts.
  • Points and other held 33.2%, 3.2 points less.
  • Miles cards held 10.1%.

In dollars, points and other rewards lead. Cardholders earned $47.0 billion4 in rewards in 2024, nearly double the $23.9 billion1 of 2020. Points and other cards earned 50.8%1 of the 2024 total, and points-and-other rewards were 95.7%1 higher than in 2019. The dollar values are the issuers' own valuation of the points and miles earned.4

Rewards earned by type of reward, 2019-2024
Dollar value of rewards earned on general purpose credit cards of major US issuers, by reward type, yearly, as valued by the issuers
Unit: billion US dollars (USD)
  • Points and other
  • Cash back
  • Miles
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 102)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Points-and-other rewards grew from $12.197B in 2019 to $23.875B in 2024.
  • Cash back reached $16.551B in 2024.
  • Miles rewards were $6.588B in 2024.
Rewards earned by type of reward with totals, 2019-2024
Dollar value of rewards earned on general purpose credit cards of major US issuers; total = sum of the three types
Unit: billion US dollars (USD)
2019$9.959B$3.987B$12.197B$26.143B
2020$9.326B$3.262B$11.334B$23.922B
2021$12.523B$3.992B$16.165B$32.680B
2022$15.154B$5.250B$21.045B$41.449B
2023$15.992B$5.913B$22.579B$44.484B
2024$16.551B$6.588B$23.875B$47.014B
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 102); total is our sum41travelstatisticsbureau.com

The rate at which spending turns into rewards rose too. Rewards earned came to 1.61%4 of purchase volume on rewards cards in the fourth quarter of 2024, up from 1.40%4 at the end of 2019. By credit tier the order is the reverse of spending: near-prime cardholders earned 1.94%4 of what they spent and superprime cardholders 1.42%4.

Rewards earned as a share of spending by credit tier, Q4 2024
Rewards earned as a percent of purchase volume on general purpose rewards cards, major US issuers, fourth quarter of 2024, by credit score tier (all tiers together: 1.61%)
Unit: percent of purchase volume
  1. Near-prime1.94%
  2. Subprime1.90%
  3. Prime1.89%
  4. Prime plus1.70%
  5. Superprime1.42%
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 106)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Near-prime cardholders earned 1.94% of spending.
  • Superprime earned 1.42%, 0.52 points less.
  • Subprime earned 1.90%.

Redeemed, saved and lost

Cardholders redeemed $43.0 billion4 of rewards in 2024. Superprime and prime plus cardholders accounted for $35.1 billion1 of it, or 81.6%1. Rewards earned in 2024 exceeded rewards redeemed that year by $3.97 billion1, so balances kept growing.

Rewards redeemed by credit tier, 2019-2024
Dollar value of rewards redeemed on general purpose credit cards of major US issuers, by credit score tier (below-prime = under 660), yearly; total = our sum
Unit: billion US dollars (USD)
2019$9.295B$9.593B$2.851B$1.307B$23.046B
2020$9.095B$8.569B$2.541B$1.147B$21.352B
2021$11.136B$11.517B$3.120B$1.326B$27.099B
2022$13.370B$14.905B$4.208B$1.994B$34.477B
2023$17.067B$15.855B$4.914B$2.867B$40.703B
2024$18.502B$16.611B$5.026B$2.902B$43.041B
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 103); total is our sum41travelstatisticsbureau.com

The average rewards account held $191.864 in rewards at the end of 2024, up 52.9%1 from $125.504 at the end of 2019. The rise was uneven, with big steps in 2021 and 2023 and small ones in between, so the trend line below is a rough guide: it only shows where the balance would go if the 2019-2024 average rise continued.

Average rewards balance per account, 2019-2024
Average rewards balance per general purpose rewards card account, major US issuers, fourth quarter of each year. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2019-2024, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: US dollars (USD) per account

Projection: linear trend of 2019–2024 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 100)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The average balance rose from $125.50 to $191.86.
  • That is 52.9% more than at the end of 2019.
  • The largest one-year step was from $155.60 to $186.61 in 2023.

Balances are concentrated among the best credit scores. A superprime account held $257.474 on average at the end of 2024, 7.701 times the $33.434 of subprime and deep subprime accounts.

Average rewards balance by credit tier, Q4 2024
Average rewards balance per general purpose rewards card account, major US issuers, fourth quarter of 2024, by credit score tier
Unit: US dollars (USD) per account
  1. Superprime$257.47
  2. Prime plus$237.94
  3. Prime$121.79
  4. Near-prime$69.91
  5. Subprime and deep subprime$33.43
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 100)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Superprime accounts held $257.47.
  • Subprime and deep subprime held $33.43, about one-eighth of the superprime balance.
  • Prime accounts held $121.79.

Some rewards are never used. Cardholders can lose accrued rewards when an account closes or points expire. In the fourth quarter of 2024, 2.81%4 of rewards accounts forfeited at least part of their rewards, down from 4.80%4 at the end of 2019.4 The drop was not shared by everyone: since the end of 2021 the rate among subprime and deep subprime cardholders has risen to more than double the overall rate, 7.10%4 in the last quarter of 2024, or 2.531 times the overall rate. A straight trend line would take the overall rate close to zero within a few years, so the quarters are shown as a table.

Rewards forfeiture by credit tier, Q4 2019-Q4 2024
Share of general purpose rewards card accounts that forfeited some rewards during the quarter (for example through account closure or point expiration), major US issuers, fourth quarter of each year
Unit: percent of accounts per quarter
Q4 20194.80%4.93%4.15%3.82%3.57%8.34%
Q4 20203.99%4.16%3.34%3.10%2.79%5.88%
Q4 20213.46%3.69%3.16%3.00%2.73%5.36%
Q4 20223.72%3.93%3.26%2.94%2.62%6.99%
Q4 20233.09%2.56%2.44%2.39%2.36%8.23%
Q4 20242.81%2.15%2.24%2.14%2.07%7.10%
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 104)4travelstatisticsbureau.com

Sign-up bonuses are the other big source of points. The average value of the sign-up bonuses cardholders earned was $310.844 in 2024, down $15.291 from its $326.134 peak in 2022.4 The series went up and down rather than in one direction, so it is shown by year and tier without a trend line. At the base rate, a 75,000-point bonus worth $7501 is 2.411 times the 2024 average.

Average sign-up bonus earned by credit tier, 2019-2024
Average dollar value of rewards bonuses earned (lump-sum bonuses for reaching a spending level within a set number of months after opening a card), general purpose cards of major US issuers, yearly, by credit score tier
Unit: US dollars (USD) per bonus
2019$276.09$287.03$280.03$241.98$226.96$199.25
2020$271.60$277.99$278.29$253.04$240.36$215.54
2021$303.42$329.74$322.69$257.43$211.15$163.91
2022$326.13$302.58$359.29$292.12$250.29$219.20
2023$298.84$342.95$332.80$263.38$219.86$224.94
2024$310.84$363.51$340.66$265.50$225.18$234.16
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 105)4travelstatisticsbureau.com

Superprime cardholders earned the biggest bonuses in 2024, $363.514 on average, and prime cardholders $265.504.

From one account's balance to the bill for holding the card: annual fees have grown faster than the balances.

What the cards cost: annual fees

On accounts that pay one, the average annual fee rose from $62.084 in 2015 to $127.024 in 2024, 2.051 times as much. The rise sped up recently: the fee was $104.684 in 2022, so it grew 21.3%1 in two years, driven by premium card products.4

Average annual fee on cards that charge one, 2015-2024
Average annual fee per general purpose credit card account charged an annual fee, major US issuers, yearly. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2015-2024, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: US dollars (USD) per account per year

Projection: linear trend of 2015–2024 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 38)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The average fee rose from $62.08 to $127.02.
  • It gained $22.34 between 2022 and 2024.
  • 2024 was 2.05 times 2015.

Fewer accounts pay a fee at all. The share of accounts charged an annual fee slipped from 18.4%4 in 2015 to 16.0%4 in 2024, 2.41 percentage points lower. Higher fees on fewer accounts point to the same shift toward premium cards.

Share of card accounts charged an annual fee, 2015-2024
Share of general purpose credit card accounts charged an annual fee, major US issuers, all credit tiers, yearly. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2015-2024, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: percent of accounts

Projection: linear trend of 2015–2024 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 37)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The share fell from 18.4% to 16.0%.
  • It bottomed at 15.9% in 2023.
  • 2024 was 2.4 points below 2015.

Together, cardholders paid $8.7 billion4 in annual fees in 2024, the highest level in the series and 2.921 times the $2.97 billion4 of 2015.

Total annual fees charged, 2015-2024
Total annual fees charged on general purpose credit cards, major US issuers and other large issuers in the same data, yearly. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2015-2024, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: billion US dollars (USD) per year

Projection: linear trend of 2015–2024 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 36)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Annual fees rose from $2.974B to $8.669B.
  • 2024 was 2.92 times 2015.
  • The last year added $1.258B over 2023.

The best credit scores pay the most. Superprime accounts that pay a fee paid $148.234 on average in 2024, more than twice the $64.864 paid on subprime accounts.

Average annual fee by credit tier, 2024
Average annual fee per general purpose credit card account charged an annual fee, major US issuers, 2024, by credit score tier
Unit: US dollars (USD) per account per year
  1. Superprime$148.23
  2. Prime plus$134.08
  3. Prime$104.09
  4. Near-prime$84.21
  5. Subprime$64.86
Source: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025), figure data (Figure 38)4travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Superprime accounts paid $148.23.
  • Subprime accounts paid $64.86, $83.37 less.
  • Prime accounts paid $104.09.

Points on the issuers' books

Unredeemed points are a debt for the bank that issued them. Chase records the estimated cost of points earned and expected to be redeemed on all its credit cards as a rewards liability: $16.0 billion13 at the end of 2025, 2.51 times the $6.4 billion14 of 2019. The bank said the increase in 2025 came from growth in points earned on higher spending and promotional offers, which outpaced redemptions throughout the year.13 The American Express Membership Rewards liability grew from $9.75 billion15 in 2020 to $16.52 billion16 in 2025.

Credit card rewards liabilities of Chase and American Express, 2020-2025
Year-end liability for rewards earned and expected to be redeemed: Chase (all credit cards) and American Express (Membership Rewards), December 31 of each year
Unit: billion US dollars (USD) at year end
  • American Express Membership Rewards
  • Chase credit cards
Source: JPMorgan Chase & Co. and American Express Company Form 10-K filings, fiscal years 2020-20251417181315192016travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Chase's liability rose from $7.7B to $16.0B.
  • Membership Rewards rose from $9.75B to $16.52B.
  • In 2025 Membership Rewards was $0.52B above Chase.

Together the two liabilities came to $32.52 billion1 at the end of 2025. The size of each rests on assumptions about how many points will be used and what each costs the bank. American Express estimates that 9616 percent of current members' points will eventually be redeemed; a 25 basis point rise in that rate would add $229 million16 to its liability, and a 1 basis point rise in the cost per point $244 million16. For Chase, the two changes together would add about $512 million13.

The yearly cost of rewards is growing too. American Express booked $18.4 billion16 of card member rewards expense in 2025, covering Membership Rewards, cash back and co-brand rewards, 1.761 times the $10.4 billion15 of 2019. The trend line below is fitted to all seven years, including the 2020 dip.

American Express card member rewards expense, 2019-2025
Yearly card member rewards expense (Membership Rewards, cash back and co-brand rewards), American Express worldwide, fiscal years. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2019-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: billion US dollars (USD) per year

Projection: linear trend of 2019–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: American Express Company Form 10-K filings, fiscal years 2021-202515192016travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Rewards expense rose from $10.439B in 2019 to $18.409B in 2025.
  • It fell to $8.041B in 2020.
  • 2025 was 1.76 times 2019.

Part of that growth simply follows spending, but not all of it. For every $1001 of billed business, American Express spent $0.9751 on rewards in 2019 and $1.1021 in 2025.

American Express rewards expense per $100 of billed business, 2019-2025
Card member rewards expense divided by billed business, times 100, American Express worldwide, fiscal years; our calculation. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2019-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: US dollars (USD) per $100 of billed business

Projection: linear trend of 2019–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Travel Statistics Bureau calculation from American Express Company Form 10-K filings, fiscal years 2021-2025151920161travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The cost rose from $0.975 to $1.102 per $100.
  • Its low was $0.924 in 2020.
  • 2025 was 13% above 2019.

At Chase, reward costs and payments to co-brand partners, which the bank subtracts from card income, reached $29.7 billion13 in 2025, 2.041 times the $14.5 billion14 of 2019. Payments to co-brand partners for the rewards their cardholders earn are a large part of such costs across the industry: on large co-brand portfolios they equaled 1.53%21 of purchase volume in 2022.

Chase reward costs and partner payments, 2018-2025
Yearly cost of points earned by cardholders in rewards programs plus payments to co-brand partners for loyalty rewards earned, deducted from JPMorgan Chase card income. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2018-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: billion US dollars (USD) per year

Projection: linear trend of 2018–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: JPMorgan Chase & Co. Form 10-K filings, fiscal years 2020-202514171813travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Reward costs rose from $13.3B in 2018 to $29.7B in 2025.
  • 2025 was 2.04 times 2019.
  • The one dip was 2020, at $13.6B.

What travel costs in cash

A point fixed at one cent buys whatever the booking costs in cash, so the price of flights and hotels decides how far 75,000 points go. Airfares have been nearly flat for a quarter century. The consumer price index for airline fares averaged 256.11822 in 2025, 3.5%1 below 2019, while prices of all consumer goods and services rose 25.9%1 over the same six years.22 Over 2010-2025 alone the index fell by about 3.871 points a year, a very different trend from the slight rise fitted over 2000-2025.

Airline fares price index, 2000-2025
Consumer price index for airline fares, US city average, not seasonally adjusted, annual average (1982-84 = 100); the 2025 average excludes October 2025, when prices were not collected. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2000-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: index, 1982-84 = 100

Projection: linear trend of 2000–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index (CPI-U), annual averages (series CUUR0000SETG01)22travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The index was 256.118 in 2025, below 265.401 in 2019.
  • Its high was 312.709 in 2013.
  • It fell to 217.546 in 2020.

Hotel rooms moved the other way. The index for lodging away from home, which covers hotels and motels, was 12.5%1 higher in 2025 than in 2019.22

Lodging away from home price index, 2000-2025
Consumer price index for lodging away from home (hotels, motels and other lodging), US city average, not seasonally adjusted, annual average (1982-84 = 100). Trend line: straight-line fit over 2000-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: index, 1982-84 = 100

Projection: linear trend of 2000–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index (CPI-U), annual averages (series CUUR0000SEHB)22travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The index rose from 117.5 in 2000 to 186.674 in 2025.
  • It peaked at 189.095 in 2023.
  • 2025 was 12.5% above 2019.

The flat long-term line hides a sharp change this year. In August 2026 the airline fares index stood 23.4%1 above August 2025, against 3.2%1 for hotel rooms and 3.4%1 for all items. On average, a flight that cost 50,000 points in August 2025 needs more points in August 2026, even though the value of a point has not changed.

Airline fares price index by month, 2025 vs 2026
Consumer price index for airline fares, US city average, not seasonally adjusted, January-August of 2025 and 2026 (1982-84 = 100)
Unit: index, 1982-84 = 100
  • 2026
  • 2025
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index (CPI-U), monthly (series CUUR0000SETG01)22travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • August 2026 stood at 309.736, against 250.982 a year earlier.
  • The 2026 peak was 329.824 in May.
  • January 2026 was 271.19, 5.917 above January 2025.

Card balances by state

No rewards data is published by state, so the map shows the other side of the same cards: the credit card balance owed per person. At the end of 2025 it ranged from $5,50023 in the District of Columbia to $3,03023 in Mississippi, a gap of $2,4701.

Credit card debt per person by state, Q4 2025
This map shows credit card debt, not rewards: the card balance owed per person aged 18+ with a credit file, fourth quarter of 2025, all 50 states and DC. No state-level rewards data is published.
Unit: US dollars (USD) of card debt per person
Alabama: $3,400Alaska: $5,250Arizona: $4,530Arkansas: $3,310California: $5,000Colorado: $4,910Connecticut: $4,960Delaware: $4,520District of Columbia: $5,500Florida: $5,050Georgia: $4,610Hawaii: $5,220Idaho: $3,870Illinois: $4,260Indiana: $3,410Iowa: $3,250Kansas: $3,670Kentucky: $3,140Louisiana: $3,610Maine: $3,760Maryland: $5,090Massachusetts: $4,650Michigan: $3,670Minnesota: $3,990Mississippi: $3,030Missouri: $3,550Montana: $3,850Nebraska: $3,650Nevada: $5,060New Hampshire: $4,500New Jersey: $5,160New Mexico: $3,520New York: $4,820North Carolina: $4,160North Dakota: $3,970Ohio: $3,560Oklahoma: $3,460Oregon: $4,030Pennsylvania: $3,950Rhode Island: $4,490South Carolina: $4,090South Dakota: $3,530Tennessee: $3,710Texas: $4,620Utah: $4,260Vermont: $3,790Virginia: $4,770Washington: $4,640West Virginia: $3,180Wisconsin: $3,400Wyoming: $3,990AL$3,400AK$5,250AZ$4,530AR$3,310CA$5,000CO$4,910CT$4,960DE$4,520DC$5,500FL$5,050GA$4,610HI$5,220ID$3,870IL$4,260IN$3,410IA$3,250KS$3,670KY$3,140LA$3,610ME$3,760MD$5,090MA$4,650MI$3,670MN$3,990MS$3,030MO$3,550MT$3,850NE$3,650NV$5,060NH$4,500NJ$5,160NM$3,520NY$4,820NC$4,160ND$3,970OH$3,560OK$3,460OR$4,030PA$3,950RI$4,490SC$4,090SD$3,530TN$3,710TX$4,620UT$4,260VT$3,790VA$4,770WA$4,640WV$3,180WI$3,400WY$3,990
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2025 (Consumer Credit Panel / Equifax)23travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • DC had the most card debt per person, $5,500.
  • Mississippi had the least, $3,030.
  • The gap between them was $2,470.

The ranking moved only at the edges. Eight of the ten highest and eight of the ten lowest states were the same at the end of 2019 and the end of 2025.23 Nevada and Florida entered the top ten, and New York and Virginia left it; New Mexico and Wisconsin entered the bottom ten, and Louisiana and Tennessee left it.23 All of the lowest ten in 2025 are in the South or the Midwest apart from New Mexico, and every one of the top ten is at or above $4,91023.

Nationally, card debt per person reached $4,35023 at the end of 2025, 28.3%1 above the $3,39023 of 2019. The balance fell after 2008 and bottomed in 2013, so the trend line starts there.

US credit card debt per person, 2003-2025
Credit card balance per person aged 18+ with a credit file, United States, fourth quarter of each year. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2013-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: US dollars (USD) per person

Projection: linear trend of 2013–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2025 (Consumer Credit Panel / Equifax)23travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Card debt per person rose from $3,390 in 2019 to $4,350 in 2025.
  • It dipped to $2,970 in 2020.
  • The low was $2,710 in 2013.

Debt and rewards do not fall on the same people. Cardholders who carry a balance from month to month pay almost all of the interest and three-fourths of the fees, but earn less than 30%21 of the dollar value of rewards. Interest on a carried balance can outweigh the value of the points earned on the same spending.21

What this means for a 75,000-point balance

Only figures from this page, applied to one balance:

  • The floor is $7501. Any Chase Travel booking redeems 75,000 points at one cent each, with no Boost needed.5
  • Boost pays only on listed bookings. Up to $1,1251 on Sapphire Preferred or $1,5001 on Sapphire Reserve applies to select flights and hotels that change over time.2
  • Dates move the value. Hyatt transfers from Sapphire Preferred drop to 4:3 on October 1, 2026, and the Reserve 1.5x rate on older points ends on October 26, 2027.3 6
  • Closing the account can cost the points. Points do not expire while the account is open, but 2.81%4 of rewards accounts forfeited some rewards in a single quarter of 2024.5
  • The fee counts against the value. 75,000 points at the base rate are worth 7.891 times a $958 fee, but less than one year of a $7952 fee.

A carried balance changes the math too: interest on card debt is charged whether or not the points are ever used.21

FAQ

Do Chase Ultimate Rewards points expire?

No. Points do not expire as long as the card account stays open; they can be lost when the account is closed.5

Does Points Boost apply to every Chase Travel booking?

No. Points Boost covers select airline tickets and hotel stays that change over time; other bookings redeem at one cent per point.2

When does the Sapphire Reserve 1.5x rate end?

On October 26, 2027, for points earned before October 26, 2025 by cardmembers who applied before June 23, 2025.6

In what steps do Chase points transfer to airline partners?

Points transfer in 1,000-point steps to the cardmember's own frequent traveler account or one authorized user's.5

How many points does a $500 flight cost in Chase Travel?

It costs 50,000 points at the base rate, 33,334 points at a Boost rate of 1.5 cents and 25,000 points at 2 cents, by our arithmetic from the printed rates.2 1

Can Chase points be used for cash instead of travel?

Yes. Points redeemed for cash or gift cards are worth one cent each, the same as the base travel rate.5

Conclusions

  1. The booking sets the value, not the balance. One cent is the floor for 75,000 Chase points, $750; only listed Boost bookings reach 1.5 or 2 cents, $1,125 or $1,500, and the typical Boost rate is not published.5 2
  2. A fixed-cent point follows cash prices. With the airline fares index 23.4% above a year earlier in August 2026, the same flight needs more points, even though a point is still worth one cent in Chase Travel.22
  3. Rewards pile up faster than they are used. The average rewards balance rose 52.9% from 2019 to 2024, and Chase's and American Express's rewards liabilities reached $32.52 billion at the end of 2025, while the share of accounts forfeiting rewards each quarter fell to 2.81%.4 13 16
  4. Fees rise alongside rewards. The average annual fee more than doubled from 2015 to 2024 and total annual fees reached $8.7 billion, so a 75,000-point bonus is best weighed against the fee: 7.89 times a $95 fee at the base rate.4 8
  5. Dates change what the same points buy. Hyatt transfers from Sapphire Preferred fall to 4:3 on October 1, 2026, turning 75,000 points into 56,250 Hyatt points, and the Reserve 1.5x rate on older points ends on October 26, 2027.3 6

Methodology

  • Chase and American Express point values and card terms in force on September 25, 2026, with dated changes to October 2027.
  • United States: rewards earned, redeemed, balances, forfeiture and bonuses 2019-2024; rewards-card spending share, account types and annual fees 2015-2024.
  • Issuer filings: rewards liabilities 2019-2025, rewards costs 2018-2025.
  • Prices: airline fares and lodging indexes 2000-2025 and monthly to August 2026; card debt per person by state, fourth quarter 2003-2025.

Definition. Point value = the dollar amount a point covers when redeemed, as printed by the card issuer (Chase rewards agreement and card pages; American Express points-value article). Points Boost values are ceilings ("up to"); the rate a typical booking receives is not published. Rewards earned, redeemed, balances, forfeiture, sign-up bonuses and annual fees: general purpose credit cards of the major issuers in the national credit card data, with rewards valued by the issuers. Credit tiers: superprime 800+, prime plus 720-799, prime 660-719, near-prime 620-659, subprime 580-619, deep subprime 579 or less; below-prime = under 660. Rewards liability = the issuer's year-end estimate of the cost of points earned and expected to be redeemed. Price indexes measure cash prices of airline fares and lodging, not point values. The state map shows credit card balances owed per person aged 18+ with a credit file, not rewards.

Data sources. Chase Sapphire Preferred rewards program agreement (March 23, 2026), Chase Sapphire Preferred and Sapphire Reserve product and benefits pages (accessed September 25, 2026), Chase press releases (June 23, 2025; June 15, 2026) and Points Boost pages; American Express points-value article (updated April 30, 2026) and card pages; Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, The Consumer Credit Card Market (December 2025 report and figure data; October 2023 report); JPMorgan Chase & Co. and American Express Company Form 10-K filings (fiscal years 2019-2025); U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics CPI-U (data through August 2026); Federal Reserve Bank of New York State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2025. Third-party point valuations were not used.

Calculations. Dollar values of 75,000 points, points needed for a $500 booking, transfer results, totals, shares and ratios are our arithmetic from the figures shown on this page. Rewards earned in 2024 is the sum of the three reward types in the figure data, $47.0 billion; the report's headline total says $47.5 billion, but its own breakdown by reward type sums to $47.0 billion, so the page uses the breakdown. Trend lines are ordinary least-squares straight lines over the stated fit range with a 95% prediction range: our calculation, not a forecast. Every trend line is extended to 2050. The American Express lines are fitted over 2019-2025 and the Chase reward-cost line over 2018-2025, the whole series shown; a fit starting at the 2020 low would be steeper (American Express rewards expense: about $2.0 billion a year and about $68.9 billion in 2050, against about $1.6 billion a year and $58.8 billion). Forfeiture, sign-up bonus and rewards-card spending share series are shown as tables because a straight line does not describe them or, for the spending share, would pass 100% before 2050. American Express rewards per $100 = rewards expense / billed business x 100.

Limitations. Point values are issuer terms that change; Points Boost offers rotate. Citi and Capital One point values are not published in a form we could verify, so they are not shown; American Express transfer ratios for individual partners are not shown. National rewards data cover general purpose cards of major issuers, not every card. Issuer liabilities and expenses cover all of each issuer's cards (American Express worldwide) and include co-brand rewards. The 2025 airline fares annual average excludes October 2025, when prices were not collected. State card debt figures are subject to sampling variation.

Sources

  1. Travel Statistics Bureau. “Travel Statistics Bureau calculations.” own calculation, 2026. Methodology. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  2. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. “Chase Sapphire Reserve® Credit Card.” chase.com, 2026. creditcards.chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  3. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “Meet the New Chase Sapphire Preferred: Earn More Than Ever, Same $95 Annual Fee.” media.chase.com, 2026-06-15. media.chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  4. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “The Consumer Credit Card Market.” consumerfinance.gov, 2025-12. files.consumerfinance.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  5. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. “Chase Sapphire Preferred® with Ultimate Rewards® Program Agreement (RPA0444_0477).” chase.com, 2026-03-23. chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  6. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “The Most Rewarding Cards Are Here: The New Chase Sapphire Reserve and Introducing Chase Sapphire Reserve for Business.” media.chase.com, 2025-06-23. media.chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  7. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. “Points Boost Explained: What You Need to Know to Make the Most of Your Points.” chase.com, 2025-12-22. chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  8. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. “Chase Sapphire Preferred® Credit Card.” chase.com, 2026. creditcards.chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  9. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. “Explore all the benefits of Sapphire Preferred.” chase.com, 2026. chase.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  10. American Express Company. “How Much Are American Express Membership Rewards® Points Worth?” americanexpress.com, 2026-04-30. americanexpress.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  11. American Express Company. “The Platinum Card® from American Express.” americanexpress.com, 2026. americanexpress.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  12. American Express Company. “American Express® Gold Card.” americanexpress.com, 2026. americanexpress.com. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  13. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2026-02-13. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  14. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2021-02-23. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  15. American Express Company. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2022-02-11. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  16. American Express Company. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2026-02-06. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  17. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2023-02-21. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  18. JPMorgan Chase & Co. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2025-02-14. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  19. American Express Company. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2023-02-10. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  20. American Express Company. “Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024.” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (EDGAR), 2025-02-07. sec.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  21. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “The Consumer Credit Card Market.” consumerfinance.gov, 2023-10. files.consumerfinance.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  22. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. “Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), U.S. city average, not seasonally adjusted: airline fares, lodging away from home, all items.” U.S. Department of Labor, 2026-09. download.bls.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  23. Federal Reserve Bank of New York. “State Level Household Debt Statistics 2003-2025.” newyorkfed.org, 2026-02. newyorkfed.org. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text

About the author

Dr. Marcus Oyelaran
Senior Researcher, Travel HR and Workforce Mobility

Marcus Oyelaran researches how organizations manage business travel, relocation, duty of care and the workforce behind the travel industry itself. He holds a PhD in organizational behavior from a leading Canadian business school, where his dissertation examined burnout and retention among frequent business travelers. Before joining the publication, Marcus spent 12 years in corporate human resources, most recently as Global Mobility Director for a multinational with roughly 60,000 employees in 40 countries. He designed travel and relocation policies, negotiated with travel-management companies and relocation vendors, and led the firm's duty-of-care program, including crisis response for staff caught in regional emergencies. He holds a senior-level HR professional certification and sits on the research advisory network of a global business-travel industry association. His reports combine survey data he collects directly from HR and travel managers with public labor statistics, and he has been cited in reporting on airline and hotel staffing shortages.

Daniel R. Whitcombe
Reviewed by
Editor-in-Chief, Travel Statistics Bureau

Every figure on this page links to its source. How we research

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