Research · Travel Costs

How Much Is a Travel ID in AZ (2026 Data)

The Arizona Travel ID fee, REAL ID at the airport, and what visitor visas, travel authorizations and Schengen travel insurance cost at the rates in force on September 25, 2026.

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Key findings

  1. $25An Arizona Travel ID costs $25 at the MVD, new or renewed, and lasts up to 8 years.
  2. $45Flying without a REAL ID now costs $45 per 10-day window through TSA ConfirmID.
  3. 3 millionArizona had issued more than 3 million Travel IDs by July 7, 2025.
  4. $185A US visitor visa costs $185; a $250 Visa Integrity Fee is law but not yet collected.
  5. $40.27An ESTA for visa-free visitors to the US costs $40.27 since January 1, 2026, up from $14 in 2010.
  6. €90A Schengen visa costs €90 ($103.18) for adults since June 11, 2024, up from €60 in 2010.
  7. €30,000Schengen visa travel insurance must cover at least €30,000 of medical costs.
  8. 14.6%Schengen states refused 14.6% of short-stay visa applications in 2025, three times the 2013 rate.

An Arizona Travel ID costs $251, the same for a first card or a renewal, and it lasts up to 8 years2. Since May 7, 2025, that gold-star card, or another REAL ID-compliant document, is what a traveler needs at an airport checkpoint for a domestic flight.3 Flying without one now costs $454 for a 10-day window,5 while the state card works out to $3.136 a year, the cheapest accepted ID per year of use on this page.

Crossing a border costs more, and those prices are rising. A visa-free visitor to the United States pays $40.277 for an ESTA, almost three times the 2010 price, and a visitor who needs a visa pays $1858 before the interview. A Schengen visa costs €909, its medical insurance must cover at least €30,00010, and the share of applications refused, 14.6%11 in 2025, is about three times the 2013 rate.

What the Arizona Travel ID costs

The state fee

The state fee for an Arizona Travel ID is $251 for a driver license or an ID card, for a first card and for a renewal alike, and it is the same at an MVD office and at an Authorized Third Party office.12 A duplicate Travel ID costs $121. The Travel ID is the state's REAL ID-compliant card and carries a gold star.2

For drivers under 40, the Travel ID costs the same as a standard license: a standard Arizona license issued at ages 16 to 39 is also $251. From 40 the standard license gets cheaper, $201 at 40-44, $151 at 45-49 and $101 from 50, so an older driver pays up to $15 more for the gold star. A standard ID card costs $121 up to age 64 and nothing from 65.

Arizona driver license and ID card fees, 2026
State fee by credential and age at issue; Travel ID = the REAL ID-compliant card (gold star), same fee for a first card and a renewal; standard = card not accepted at airport checkpoints
Unit: US dollars (USD) per card
  1. Travel ID (license or ID card)$25
  2. Standard license, ages 16-39$25
  3. Standard license, ages 40-44$20
  4. Standard license, ages 45-49$15
  5. Standard ID card, ages 0-64$12
  6. Duplicate Travel ID$12
  7. Standard license, age 50+$10
Source: Arizona Department of Transportation, Fees (Driver License), 20261travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • A Travel ID costs $25, the same as a standard license at ages 16-39.
  • A standard license from age 50 costs $10, $15 less than a Travel ID.
  • A standard ID card and a duplicate Travel ID each cost $12.

How long the card lasts

A Travel ID is valid for up to 8 years2 in most cases, which works out to $3.136 a year. From age 60 it is issued for 5 years2. At 58 or 59 it runs until the year the holder turns 65, and for non-citizens with authorized presence it ends when the immigration document expires, at most 8 years. Authorized Third Party offices may add a convenience fee of their own; those extra charges are not published, so no total beyond the state fee is quoted here.12

How long an Arizona Travel ID is valid, by holder group
Validity of a Travel ID at issue, 2026 rules
Unit: years (see rule)
Most applicantsup to 8 years
Age 58-59until the year the holder turns 65
Age 60 and older5 years
Non-citizens with authorized presenceto the immigration document's expiry, at most 8 years
Source: Arizona Department of Transportation, Arizona Travel ID2travelstatisticsbureau.com

What to bring

The application needs three kinds of papers:2

  • One proof of identity, such as a birth certificate or an unexpired US passport or passport card.
  • A Social Security number (the number is enough).
  • Two proofs of Arizona residency from different sources.

The card has no RFID chip,2 and it arrives by mail in 10 to 14 days.3 So why have more than 3 million Arizona cards been upgraded?

REAL ID at the airport: why the upgrade matters

Enforcement since May 7, 2025

Since May 7, 2025, airport checkpoints for domestic flights accept only REAL ID-compliant licenses and ID cards or another accepted document, such as a passport.3 International travel still needs a passport.2 From February 1, 2026, a traveler without an accepted ID can pay $454 for TSA ConfirmID, an identity check that covers a 10-day travel period, can take up to 30 minutes and does not guarantee clearance.4 5 In early February 2026, 95% to 99%5 of travelers already showed a REAL ID or another accepted ID.

Arizona's count

Arizona had issued nearly 1.6 million13 Travel IDs by November 2021, 2,013,18714 by May 31, 2023 and 2,509,97715 by March 11, 2025. Enforcement then brought a rush: the count reached 2.77 million3 by May 6, 2025, about 260,0006 more in eight weeks, and passed 3 million16 by July 7, 2025.

Arizona Travel IDs issued, November 2021 to July 2025
Cumulative Travel ID cards issued by MVD offices and Authorized Third Parties, as stated at each milestone; counts are published only at milestones, so there is no yearly series
Unit: cards issued (cumulative)
November 9, 2021about 1,600,000nearly 1.6 million
May 31, 20232,013,1872,013,187
March 11, 20252,509,9772,509,977
May 6, 20252,770,0002.77 million
July 7, 20253,000,000more than 3 million
Source: Arizona Department of Transportation news releases, 2021-2025131415316travelstatisticsbureau.com

Between May 31, 2023 and July 7, 2025, at least 986,8136 cards were added, and at least 490,0236 of them in the four months from March 11 to July 7, 2025, around the start of enforcement.16

The national picture

Nationally, REAL ID-compliant cards were about 33%17 of state-issued licenses and ID cards in October 2019 and 56.42%17 in January 2024, 23.426 percentage points more in a little over four years. An official projection put the share at 61.2% to 66.0%17 by May 2025 and said it may rise to 83%17 by May 2027; those are projections, not counts. About 41%17 of the US population held a passport in 2023, the other document most travelers can use.

REAL ID-compliant share of US driver licenses and ID cards, 2019-2027
Share of state-issued driver licenses and ID cards in circulation that are REAL ID-compliant; rows marked 'official projection' are projections made in January 2025, not counts
Unit: percent of licenses and ID cards
October 201933.00%observed (about 33%)
October 202041.00%observed (about 41%)
January 202456.42%observed
May 202561.2-66.0official projection (range)
May 202783.00%official projection (may rise to 83%)
May 2027, phased enforcement69.1-83.4official projection (scenario range)
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, REAL ID final rule, January 202517travelstatisticsbureau.com

The spread between states narrowed. In October 2019, 3117 of the 56 licensing jurisdictions had compliant shares under 25% and 817 had 75% or more; by January 2024 the low group had shrunk to 917 and the high group had grown to 1717.

US licensing jurisdictions by REAL ID-compliant share, 2019-2024
Number of the 56 licensing jurisdictions (states, DC and territories) in each band of REAL ID-compliant share
Unit: licensing jurisdictions
0-24%3122129
25-49%11151618
50-74%691212
75-100%8101617
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security, REAL ID final rule, January 202517travelstatisticsbureau.com

Travel ID, passport or ConfirmID

Of the options compared here, the Travel ID costs least: $251 for up to 8 years. A first-time adult passport book costs $1658 (a $508 application fee, an $808 security surcharge and a $358 execution fee) and a passport card $658, both valid for 10 years18. Per year of validity that is $16.506 for the book and $6.506 for the card, against $3.136 for the Travel ID. One $454 ConfirmID window costs $206 more than the Travel ID itself and covers only 10 days.5

What each airport-accepted ID option or fee costs, 2026
Price for a first-time adult; Travel ID = Arizona's REAL ID card (valid up to 8 years); passport book and card valid 10 years; ConfirmID covers one 10-day travel period
Unit: US dollars (USD) per document or window
  1. Passport book$165
  2. Passport card$65
  3. TSA ConfirmID (10 days)$45
  4. Arizona Travel ID$25
Source: Arizona Department of Transportation; 22 CFR 22.1; Transportation Security Administration1845travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • A passport book costs $165, $140 more than a Travel ID.
  • One ConfirmID window costs $45, $20 more than a Travel ID.
  • A passport card costs $65, 2.6 times a Travel ID.
What each airport-accepted ID option or fee costs, 2026
Price for a first-time adult, how long it lasts and the price per year of validity (our calculation)
Unit: US dollars (USD); years (see columns)
1Passport book$16510 years$16.50
2Passport card$6510 years$6.50
3TSA ConfirmID$45one 10-day travel period-
4Arizona Travel ID$25up to 8 years$3.13
Source: Arizona Department of Transportation; 22 CFR 22.1 and 51.4; Transportation Security Administration12818456travelstatisticsbureau.com

From a card that works at home, the price of travel jumps once a border is involved.

How much is a travel visa?

At the rates in force on September 25, 2026, a visitor visa or travel authorization for a short trip costs from about $56 to $1858. At the low end are the online authorizations for visa-free visitors: Canada's eTA at CAN$719 (about $5), the UK ETA at £2020 ($26.746), the US ESTA at $40.277 and Australia's ETA at AUD 2021 ($14.226). Full visitor visas cost more: €909 ($103.186) for a Schengen visa, $14022 for a Chinese visa for US citizens, £13520 ($180.526) for a UK Standard Visitor visa and $1858 for a US visitor visa.

Who pays what depends on the passport. US citizens need no visa for a Schengen stay of up to 90 days in any 180-day period.23 The ETIAS travel authorization for visa-exempt travelers to Europe, €2024 ($22.936), is not yet collected. Its planned late-2026 start was dropped in July 2026, no start date has been announced, and the EU says it will give the date several months before launch.25 26 Foreign fees are converted at the exchange rate of September 18, 2026.27

Visitor visa and travel authorization fees by destination, in force September 25, 2026
Fee for one adult visitor, converted to US dollars at the September 18, 2026 exchange rate; authorizations (ESTA, eTA, ETA) are for visa-free nationals; China and India fees are those charged to US citizens
Unit: US dollars (USD) per adult visitor
  1. US visitor visa (B1/B2)$185.00
  2. UK Standard Visitor visa$180.52
  3. China visa (US citizens)$140.00
  4. Schengen visa$103.18
  5. US ESTA$40.27
  6. India 1-year e-Tourist visa (US citizens)$40.00
  7. UK ETA$26.74
  8. Australia ETA$14.22
  9. Canada eTA$5.00
Source: Official fee schedules of each country, in force September 25, 2026; exchange rates of September 18, 20268202297282119276travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • A US visitor visa costs $185, the top of the nine fees.
  • Canada's eTA costs $5.00; a US visitor visa costs 37 times as much.
  • A Schengen visa costs $103.18, $81.82 less than a US visitor visa.
Visitor visa and travel authorization fees by destination, in force September 25, 2026
Fee in the local currency, in US dollars at the September 18, 2026 exchange rate, and who needs it
Unit: US dollars (USD); local currency (see columns)
1US visitor visa (B1/B2)$185$185.00visitors to the US without Visa Waiver status
2UK Standard Visitor visa£135$180.52visa nationals visiting the UK for up to 6 months
3China visa (US citizens)$140$140.00US citizens, any entry type
4Schengen visa€90$103.18visa nationals, stays up to 90 days
5US ESTA$40.27$40.27Visa Waiver nationals visiting the US
6India 1-year e-Tourist visa (US citizens)$40$40.00US citizens
7UK ETA£20$26.74visa-free visitors to the UK
8Australia ETAAUD 20$14.22eligible passport holders, up to 3 months per entry
9Canada eTACAN$7$5.00visa-exempt visitors flying to Canada
Source: Official fee schedules of each country; exchange rates of September 18, 20268202297282119276travelstatisticsbureau.com

What visitors pay to enter the United States

Fees by visa type

A US visitor visa (B1/B2) costs $1858 in 2026, the fee for most nonimmigrant visas that do not need a petition. Applicants in the petition-based H, L, O, P, Q and R categories pay $2058, fiancé(e) visas cost $2658 and treaty trader and investor visas $3158. A Mexican child pays $158 for a border crossing card if the child is under 15 and a parent holds one.

US nonimmigrant visa application fees by category, 2026
Application fee in force September 25, 2026; the Visa Integrity Fee, enacted but not yet collected, is not included
Unit: US dollars (USD) per application
  1. Treaty trader or investor (E)$315
  2. Fiancé(e) (K)$265
  3. Petition-based (H, L, O, P, Q, R)$205
  4. Visitor (B1/B2) and most others$185
  5. Border crossing card, age 15+$185
  6. Border crossing card, under 15$15
Source: 22 CFR 22.1, Schedule of fees (version of 2026-09-23)8travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • An E visa costs $315, $130 more than a visitor visa.
  • Petition-based visas in six categories cost $205.
  • A border crossing card for a child under 15 costs $15.

Two decades of fee rises

The visitor visa fee has almost tripled since 2002. It was $6529 until an emergency increase to $10029 on November 1, 2002, then rose to $13130 in 2008, $14031 in 2010 and $16032 in 2012. The latest step, to $18533, took effect on June 17, 2023, after its start date was pushed back.34 In nominal dollars the 2023 fee is 2.856 times the one charged before November 2002.

US visitor visa fee, 2003-2026
B1/B2 application fee in force on July 1 of each year, nominal US dollars. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2003-2026, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: US dollars (USD), nominal

Projection: linear trend of 2003–2026 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: U.S. Department of State fee rules, 2002-2023293031323334travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The fee rose from $100 in 2003 to $185 in 2026.
  • The 2023 step added $25, from $160 to $185.
  • The 2008 step added $31, from $100 to $131.

The trend line only shows the average pace, about $3.79 a year; the fee itself moves in steps set by rule, and it has stayed flat for as long as 11 years between steps.32

ESTA, EVUS and I-94

Visitors from Visa Waiver countries skip the visa but pay for an ESTA: $40.277 since January 1, 2026, and an applicant who is denied pays $10.277. The charge was $1435 from September 8, 2010, $2136 from May 20, 2022 and $4037 from September 30, 2025, when a new law raised it by 90.5%6 in one step. The 2026 price is 2.886 times the 2010 one.

Two smaller charges rose at the same time. EVUS enrollment, which had no fee before, costs $30.757 since January 1, 2026, and Form I-94 at a land border costs $3037, up from $637.

ESTA, EVUS and I-94 fees, current and past
Fee per application or enrollment by effective date; rows in force on September 25, 2026 come first
Unit: US dollars (USD)
ESTAJanuary 1, 2026$40.27in force
EVUS enrollmentJanuary 1, 2026$30.75in force
Form I-94 (land border)September 30, 2025$30.00in force
ESTASeptember 30, 2025$40.00replaced January 1, 2026
EVUS enrollmentSeptember 30, 2025$30.00replaced January 1, 2026
ESTAMay 20, 2022$21.00replaced September 30, 2025
ESTASeptember 8, 2010$14.00replaced May 20, 2022
Form I-94 (land border)before September 30, 2025$6.00replaced September 30, 2025
Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection and U.S. Department of Homeland Security fee notices, 2010-20257373635travelstatisticsbureau.com

What is coming

A $25038 Visa Integrity Fee per issued nonimmigrant visa was enacted on July 4, 2025 but is not yet collected: it is to be implemented in a later notice, no official collection notice has been published, and the start date is pending. Once it is, a visitor visa would cost $4356 in total. Some B1/B2 applicants can already pay $75039 for an earlier interview, an optional service at selected posts from July 1 to December 31, 2026. Since August 3, 2026, consular officers can also require a refundable bond of $10,00040, $15,00040 or $20,00040 from B1/B2 applicants from listed countries, after a pilot that began on August 20, 2025; it is a deposit, not a fee.

US charges a visitor can face in 2026
Amounts and status on September 25, 2026; the bond is refundable and set by the consular officer ($15,000 default)
Unit: US dollars (USD)
Visitor visa application (B1/B2)$185.00in force
ESTA (Visa Waiver visitors)$40.27in force
EVUS enrollment$30.75in force
Form I-94 at a land border$30.00in force
B1/B2 interview expedite (optional)$750.00in force July 1 - December 31, 2026, selected posts
Visa bond, listed countries$15,000.00permanent since August 3, 2026 (pilot from August 20, 2025); refundable; $10,000-$20,000
Visa Integrity Fee$250.00enacted July 4, 2025; not yet collected; start date pending
Source: U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services fee rules and notices8737394038travelstatisticsbureau.com

How many US visas are issued

The United States issued 10,969,93641 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal year 2024, the most in any year from 2004 to 2024 and 2.176 times the 2004 total. The pandemic cut issuance to 2,792,08341 in 2021; three years later it was 3.936 times higher. The series is shown without a trend line, because the 2020-2021 collapse makes any straight-line fit misleading.

US nonimmigrant visas issued, fiscal years 2004-2024
All nonimmigrant visas issued at Foreign Service posts, including border crossing cards, by fiscal year (October-September). No trend line: the 2020-2021 collapse makes a straight-line fit misleading.
Unit: visas issued
20045,049,099
20055,388,951
20065,836,730
20076,444,285
20086,603,073
20095,804,182
20106,422,751
20117,507,939
20128,927,090
20139,164,349
20149,932,480
201510,891,745
201610,381,491
20179,681,913
20189,028,026
20198,742,068
20204,013,210
20212,792,083
20226,815,120
202310,438,327
202410,969,936
Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office, Table I (2008, 2013, 2014, 2019 and 2024 editions)4243444541travelstatisticsbureau.com

Visitors dominate. B visitor visas, for business or tourism, were 8,453,37446 of the fiscal 2024 total, or 77.1%6. Temporary workers (H) received 818,39646 visas, students (F) 424,79246 and exchange visitors (J) 355,33246.

US nonimmigrant visas issued by class, fiscal 2024
Visas issued at Foreign Service posts, fiscal year 2024; visitor = B-1, B-2, B-1/B-2 and B-1/B-2 with border crossing card
Unit: visas issued
  1. Visitor (B)8,453,37477.1%
  2. Worker (H)818,3967.5%
  3. Student (F)424,7923.9%
  4. Exchange visitor (J)355,3323.2%
  5. Other classes918,0428.4%
Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2024, Table XVI466travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Visitor visas were 8,453,374, or 77.1% of the total.
  • Worker (H) visas numbered 818,396.
  • All other classes together were 918,042.

By nationality, Mexico led with 1,934,95046 B visas, then Brazil with 1,117,72746 and India with 899,60646. Nationals of Visa Waiver countries rank low because most of them travel on an ESTA instead: Germany received 25,14846 B visas, France 10,47946 and Japan 5,98746.

Top 10 nationalities for US visitor (B) visas, fiscal 2024
B visitor visas issued (B-1, B-2, B-1/B-2 and B-1/B-2 with border crossing card), by the applicant's nationality
Unit: visas issued
  1. Mexico1,934,950
  2. Brazil1,117,727
  3. India899,606
  4. China (mainland)649,238
  5. Colombia437,784
  6. Argentina273,335
  7. Ecuador228,585
  8. Philippines157,165
  9. Dominican Republic152,456
  10. Peru133,142
Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2024, Table XVI46travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Mexico led with 1,934,950 B visas.
  • Brazil followed with 1,117,727.
  • Mexico's total was 1.73 times Brazil's.

The map shades every nationality whose country has an outline on the world map. Counts are high across Latin America and South and East Asia, with the Philippines at 157,16546 and Vietnam at 119,37346, and low for most of Europe, Japan and Australia, whose nationals can visit on an ESTA: Australia received 9,85546 B visas. Canada, next door, received only 20946.

US visitor (B) visas issued by nationality, fiscal 2024
B visitor visas issued, by the applicant's nationality (not where the consulate is); Visa Waiver nationals mostly travel on an ESTA instead, so their counts are low; the four color bands are equal steps from 0 to 1.93 million, so most countries fall in the lowest band and the hover card gives each exact count; small islands without an outline are not drawn
Unit: visas issued
Afghanistan: 1,928Angola: 3,901Albania: 26,220United Arab Emirates: 16,659Argentina: 273,335Armenia: 15,721Antarctica: no dataFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands: no dataAustralia: 9,855Austria: 2,786Azerbaijan: 8,256Burundi: 754Belgium: 3,187Benin: 2,161Burkina Faso: 2,490Bangladesh: 35,946Bulgaria: 14,163The Bahamas: 14,992Bosnia and Herzegovina: 4,458Belarus: 7,079Belize: 9,186Bermuda: no dataBolivia: 28,840Brazil: 1,117,727Brunei: 24Bhutan: 571Botswana: 1,069Central African Republic: 117Canada: 209Switzerland: 4,381Chile: 8,718China: 649,238Ivory Coast: 7,753Cameroon: 9,410Democratic Republic of the Congo: 9,796Republic of the Congo: 1,852Colombia: 437,784Costa Rica: 78,609Cuba: 10,583Northern Cyprus: no dataCyprus: 4,765Czech Republic: 2,065Germany: 25,148Djibouti: 239Denmark: 2,516Dominican Republic: 152,456Algeria: 19,741Ecuador: 228,585Egypt: 66,703Eritrea: 1,233Spain: 16,928Estonia: 352Ethiopia: 20,143Finland: 775Fiji: 2,927Falkland Islands: no dataFrance: 10,479Gabon: 1,237United Kingdom: 33,942Georgia: 7,683Ghana: 21,971Guinea: 2,039Gambia: 1,217Guinea Bissau: 59Equatorial Guinea: 547Greece: 1,799Greenland: no dataGuatemala: 82,056French Guiana: no dataGuyana: 26,982Honduras: 65,189Croatia: 1,157Haiti: 6,757Hungary: 3,894Indonesia: 55,045India: 899,606Ireland: 2,706Iran: 12,490Iraq: 5,162Iceland: 719Israel: 30,760Italy: 13,354Jamaica: 84,361Jordan: 28,100Japan: 5,987Kazakhstan: 22,108Kenya: 16,335Kyrgyzstan: 9,642Cambodia: 10,146South Korea: 15,508Kosovo: 6,559Kuwait: 12,202Laos: 1,170Lebanon: 15,013Liberia: 1,321Libya: 2,179Sri Lanka: 10,278Lesotho: 183Lithuania: 567Luxembourg: 157Latvia: 978Morocco: 30,713Moldova: 2,928Madagascar: 1,452Mexico: 1,934,950Macedonia: 5,042Mali: 2,535Malta: 148Myanmar: 4,301Montenegro: 3,654Mongolia: 14,229Mozambique: 1,385Mauritania: 597Malawi: 1,829Malaysia: 30,775Namibia: 1,084New Caledonia: no dataNiger: 869Nigeria: 72,534Nicaragua: 14,724Netherlands: 6,609Norway: 2,676Nepal: 24,303New Zealand: 2,271Oman: 2,361Pakistan: 107,399Panama: 28,648Peru: 133,142Philippines: 157,165Papua New Guinea: 741Poland: 7,356Puerto Rico: no dataNorth Korea: 0Portugal: 4,956Paraguay: 12,933Qatar: 6,156Romania: 78,302Russia: 46,888Rwanda: 2,725Western Sahara: no dataSaudi Arabia: 54,195Sudan: 3,210South Sudan: 200Senegal: 5,372Solomon Islands: 115Sierra Leone: 1,886El Salvador: 51,920Somaliland: no dataSomalia: 168Republic of Serbia: 16,519Suriname: 6,228Slovakia: 996Slovenia: 438Sweden: 5,483Swaziland: 436Syria: 4,371Chad: 855Togo: 2,077Thailand: 44,676Tajikistan: 1,776Turkmenistan: 1,810East Timor: 65Trinidad and Tobago: 53,438Tunisia: 6,670Turkey: 111,041Taiwan: 8,327United Republic of Tanzania: 6,310Uganda: 6,491Ukraine: 32,124Uruguay: 28,128United States of America: no dataUzbekistan: 7,592Venezuela: 61,660Vietnam: 119,373Vanuatu: 107West Bank: no dataYemen: 2,944South Africa: 45,955Zambia: 2,233Zimbabwe: 7,725Afghanistan1,928Angola3,901Albania26,220United Arab Emirates16,659Argentina273,335Armenia15,721AntarcticaFrench Southern and Antarctic LandsAustralia9,855Austria2,786Azerbaijan8,256Burundi754Belgium3,187Benin2,161Burkina Faso2,490Bangladesh35,946Bulgaria14,163The Bahamas14,992Bosnia and Herzegovina4,458Belarus7,079Belize9,186BermudaBolivia28,840Brazil1,117,727Brunei24Bhutan571Botswana1,069Central African Republic117Canada209Switzerland4,381Chile8,718China649,238Ivory Coast7,753Cameroon9,410Democratic Republic of the Congo9,796Republic of the Congo1,852Colombia437,784Costa Rica78,609Cuba10,583Northern CyprusCyprus4,765Czech Republic2,065Germany25,148Djibouti239Denmark2,516Dominican Republic152,456Algeria19,741Ecuador228,585Egypt66,703Eritrea1,233Spain16,928Estonia352Ethiopia20,143Finland775Fiji2,927Falkland IslandsFrance10,479Gabon1,237United Kingdom33,942Georgia7,683Ghana21,971Guinea2,039Gambia1,217Guinea Bissau59Equatorial Guinea547Greece1,799GreenlandGuatemala82,056French GuianaGuyana26,982Honduras65,189Croatia1,157Haiti6,757Hungary3,894Indonesia55,045India899,606Ireland2,706Iran12,490Iraq5,162Iceland719Israel30,760Italy13,354Jamaica84,361Jordan28,100Japan5,987Kazakhstan22,108Kenya16,335Kyrgyzstan9,642Cambodia10,146South Korea15,508Kosovo6,559Kuwait12,202Laos1,170Lebanon15,013Liberia1,321Libya2,179Sri Lanka10,278Lesotho183Lithuania567Luxembourg157Latvia978Morocco30,713Moldova2,928Madagascar1,452Mexico1,934,950Macedonia5,042Mali2,535Malta148Myanmar4,301Montenegro3,654Mongolia14,229Mozambique1,385Mauritania597Malawi1,829Malaysia30,775Namibia1,084New CaledoniaNiger869Nigeria72,534Nicaragua14,724Netherlands6,609Norway2,676Nepal24,303New Zealand2,271Oman2,361Pakistan107,399Panama28,648Peru133,142Philippines157,165Papua New Guinea741Poland7,356Puerto RicoNorth Korea0Portugal4,956Paraguay12,933Qatar6,156Romania78,302Russia46,888Rwanda2,725Western SaharaSaudi Arabia54,195Sudan3,210South Sudan200Senegal5,372Solomon Islands115Sierra Leone1,886El Salvador51,920SomalilandSomalia168Republic of Serbia16,519Suriname6,228Slovakia996Slovenia438Sweden5,483Swaziland436Syria4,371Chad855Togo2,077Thailand44,676Tajikistan1,776Turkmenistan1,810East Timor65Trinidad and Tobago53,438Tunisia6,670Turkey111,041Taiwan8,327United Republic of Tanzania6,310Uganda6,491Ukraine32,124Uruguay28,128United States of AmericaUzbekistan7,592Venezuela61,660Vietnam119,373Vanuatu107West BankYemen2,944South Africa45,955Zambia2,233Zimbabwe7,725
Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2024, Table XVI46travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Mexico is darkest at 1,934,950 B visas.
  • Germany shows 25,148 and Japan 5,987.

From fiscal 2015 to 2024 the mix changed. Mexico's nonimmigrant visas rose from 1,479,10947 in fiscal 2015 to 2,408,78947 in 2024, and India's from 961,42347 to 1,374,77547. China-mainland went the other way: 818,72747 in 2024 is only 31.2%6 of the 2,626,58447 of 2015.

US nonimmigrant visas issued to four nationalities, fiscal years 2015-2024
All nonimmigrant visas including border crossing cards, by nationality and fiscal year
Unit: visas issued
20151,479,109961,423930,3062,626,584
20161,400,179977,825503,6422,264,412
20171,385,7441,009,332579,2101,689,893
20181,372,4201,006,802641,8201,464,810
20191,471,148985,469625,8561,255,992
2020960,095499,213242,211316,450
2021910,790276,50627,220108,646
20221,728,613764,966695,575161,189
20232,328,6641,387,9401,067,287417,008
20242,408,7891,374,7751,172,518818,727
Source: U.S. Department of State, Report of the Visa Office 2024, Table XVII47travelstatisticsbureau.com

The United States issued about 11 million41 visas in fiscal 2024; the Schengen states issued about 9.8 million48 uniform visas in calendar 2024. The scale is similar, but the European story is one of demand that has not come back and refusals that have.

The Schengen visa: fee, demand and refusals

A fee up by half since 2010

An adult Schengen visa costs €909 since June 11, 2024, and a child's visa (ages 6 to 11) €459. At the exchange rate of September 18, 2026, the adult fee is $103.186. It was €6010 from April 5, 2010 and €8049 from February 2, 2020, so it has risen by half in 14 years. Since June 11, 2024, nationals of countries found not to cooperate on readmission can be charged €135 or €18050, and the fee is reviewed every three years.

Schengen visa fee and ETIAS charge, 2010-2026
Fee for a short-stay (C) visa by start date, with the adult fee in US dollars at the average exchange rate of the start year; current rows also at the September 18, 2026 rate; rows in force today first
Unit: euros (EUR); US dollars (USD)
Schengen visaJune 11, 2024€90€45$103.18in force (USD at the September 18, 2026 rate)
Schengen visaJune 11, 2024€90€45$97.38in force (USD at the 2024 average rate)
Schengen visaFebruary 2, 2020€80€40$91.28replaced June 11, 2024 (USD at the 2020 average)
Schengen visaApril 5, 2010€60€35$79.57replaced February 2, 2020 (USD at the 2010 average)
ETIAS travel authorizationno start date announced€20€0$22.93not yet collected; the EU will announce the start several months ahead; under 18 and over 70 exempt
Source: EU Visa Code and its 2019 and 2024 amendments; Schengen fee and ETIAS announcements; exchange rates104950924252651276travelstatisticsbureau.com

Demand is still below 2019

Schengen consulates received 16,955,54152 applications for short-stay visas in 2019 and only 2,924,36553 in 2020. Demand has climbed back every year since, to 11,716,72348 in 2024 and more than 12 million11 in 2025. That is still only about 72%6 of 2019, and more than 5 million6 below the 17,285,44954 applications of 2013. The number of Schengen states reporting consulate data grew over the period, from 25 up to 2022 to 26 in 2023 and 28 in 2024.48

Schengen short-stay visa applications and visas issued, 2009-2025
Uniform (C) visa applications lodged at Schengen consulates and uniform visas issued; 2025 rounded from the yearly release (+4.3% and +5.2% on 2024); states reporting = Schengen states reporting consulate data (Liechtenstein, a member since 2011, does not)
Unit: applications; visas issued
20092510,221,3479,420,896
20102511,812,35211,018,936
20112513,485,39612,640,034
20122515,116,97314,250,595
20132517,285,44916,184,173
20142516,725,90815,684,796
20152515,446,67614,308,392
20162515,192,50213,937,715
20172516,155,61314,653,724
20182516,016,59914,265,282
20192516,955,54115,022,255
2020252,924,3652,489,146
2021252,926,1042,396,279
2022257,572,7555,939,896
20232610,327,5728,492,776
20242811,716,7239,793,634
2025-about 12.2 millionabout 10.3 million
Source: European Commission, Visa statistics for consulates (yearly workbooks) and 2025 release5556575854596061626352536465664811travelstatisticsbureau.com

Refusals

The share of applications refused, strictly the share not issued, rose from 4.8%54 in 2013 to 9.9%52 in 2019, peaked at 17.9%65 in 2022 and has fallen every year since, to 14.6%11 in 2025. That is still about 3.046 times the 2013 rate. From 2020 the rate is calculated differently: the new method gives a slightly higher rate than visas not issued divided by applications, so part of the jump between 2019 and 2020 comes from the change of method, not only from the pandemic.

Schengen short-stay visa refusal rate, 2011-2025
Share of uniform (C) visa applications not issued. From 2020 the rate is calculated differently: the published rate from 2020 on is slightly higher than visas not issued divided by applications, so 2019 and 2020 are not strictly comparable. 2011-2013 are our calculation (not issued / applications, the formula the 2014-2019 rates follow). No trend line.
Unit: percent of applications
20115.5%not issued / applications (our calculation)
20124.8%not issued / applications (our calculation)
20134.8%not issued / applications (our calculation)
20145.1%not issued / applications
20156.2%not issued / applications
20166.9%not issued / applications
20178.2%not issued / applications
20189.6%not issued / applications
20199.9%not issued / applications
202013.6%new method from 2020
202113.4%new method from 2020
202217.9%new method from 2020
202316.0%new method from 2020
202414.8%new method from 2020
202514.6%new method from 2020
Source: European Commission, Visa statistics for consulates (yearly workbooks) and 2025 release5758545960616263525364656648116travelstatisticsbureau.com

Fewer multiple-entry visas

Multiple-entry visas, which allow repeated trips during their validity, made up 58.6%61 of uniform visas issued in 2016 and reached 70.5%64 in 2021. The share has fallen since, to 51.7%11 in 2025, so a traveler who wants to return within the visa's validity is less likely to get that option than a few years ago.

Share of Schengen visas issued as multiple-entry visas, 2016-2025
Multiple-entry visas as a percent of uniform (C) visas issued; the series starts in 2016, when the count became complete. Trend line: straight-line fit over 2016-2025, extended to 2050; our calculation, not a forecast.
Unit: percent of uniform visas issued

Projection: linear trend of 2016–2025 yearly values, 95% prediction range. Our calculation, not a forecast.

Source: European Commission, Visa statistics for consulates (yearly workbooks) and 2025 release61626352536465664811travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • The share peaked at 70.5% in 2021.
  • It fell to 51.7% in 2025, 18.8 points below 2021.
  • 2025 was 6.9 points below 2016.

Where applications are lodged

China had the most Schengen visa applications in 2024, 1,779,25548 or 15.2%6 of the total, followed by Türkiye with 1,173,91748 and India with 1,108,23948. In 2025 China again led, with about 1.9 million11.

Top 10 countries for Schengen visa applications, 2024
Uniform (C) visa applications by the country where the consulate is located
Unit: visa applications
  1. China1,779,255
  2. Türkiye1,173,917
  3. India1,108,239
  4. Morocco606,800
  5. Russia606,594
  6. Algeria544,634
  7. Saudi Arabia505,455
  8. United Kingdom470,569
  9. Thailand265,243
  10. United Arab Emirates260,229
Source: European Commission, Visa statistics for consulates, 202448travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • China had 1,779,255 applications.
  • Türkiye followed with 1,173,917.
  • China's count was 1.52 times Türkiye's.

Where refusals are highest

Refusal shares differ widely by country. Among the 26 countries where consulates received at least 100,000 applications in 2024, the share not issued ranged from 45.3%48 in Nigeria and 34.0%48 in Algeria to 4.1%48 for applications lodged in the United States and 3.5%48 in Belarus. These shares are our calculation, visas not issued divided by applications, and can differ slightly from officially published country rates.

Schengen visas not issued as a share of applications, 26 countries, 2024
Countries with 100,000 or more uniform (C) visa applications; not issued / applications by the country where the consulate is located (our calculation)
Unit: percent of applications
  1. Nigeria45.3%
  2. Algeria34.0%
  3. Ecuador29.2%
  4. Iran26.3%
  5. Egypt25.3%
  6. United Arab Emirates23.7%
  7. Tunisia21.4%
  8. Morocco19.1%
  9. Lebanon16.8%
  10. Qatar15.6%
  11. India14.9%
  12. Türkiye14.5%
  13. Armenia12.2%
  14. Vietnam10.8%
  15. Kazakhstan9.0%
  16. Russia7.4%
  17. United Kingdom6.9%
  18. Kuwait6.6%
  19. Thailand6.2%
  20. Philippines6.1%
  21. Saudi Arabia5.8%
  22. South Africa5.6%
  23. China4.5%
  24. Indonesia4.2%
  25. United States4.1%
  26. Belarus3.5%
Source: European Commission, Visa statistics for consulates, 2024 (our calculation)486travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • Nigeria's share was 45.3%, the top of the list.
  • Belarus had 3.5%.
  • Nigeria's share was 41.8 points above Belarus's.

How much is the travel insurance for a Schengen visa?

Schengen visa applicants must hold travel medical insurance that covers at least €30,00010 (about $34,3926). The law sets what the policy must do:10

  • It covers repatriation for medical reasons, urgent medical attention, emergency hospital treatment and death.
  • It is valid in all Schengen states for the whole stay.
  • For a multiple-entry visa, it covers the first intended visit.

The law sets the cover, not the price. One insurer's published prices start at €4.9067 ($5.626) for a one- or two-day trip on its basic €30,000 plan, and a 30-day trip on that plan costs €62.5067 ($71.656), about €2.086 a day, and a 3-month trip, the longest Schengen stay, €9967, more than the €90 visa fee. Plans with more cover cost more: €99.5067 for 30 days with €100,000 of medical cover and €149.9567 with €2 million. An annual multi-trip plan starts at €349.9567 ($401.186) a year.

Age and destination can change a quote, so these are one insurer's list prices, not a market average.

Schengen travel insurance prices by plan and trip length, one insurer, 2026
Published price per policy in euros for one insurer's three plans, by trip length; a Schengen stay is at most 90 days, so the 6-month column is for completeness; age and destination can change a quote
Unit: euros (EUR) per policy
Basic€30,000€4.90€62.50€99€189.90
Essential€100,000€8.90€99.50€179€298.95
Premium€2,000,000€23.90€149.95€289€439.95
Source: Commercial insurer's published prices, September 202667travelstatisticsbureau.com

UK, Canada, Australia, India and China

The UK raised its Standard Visitor visa, for stays of up to six months, to £13520 ($180.526) on April 8, 2026, from £12768 in April 2025 and £11569 in the January 2024 fee table. Its electronic travel authorization for visa-free visitors doubled over the same tables, from £1069 to £2020, and the table for October 8, 2026 leaves both unchanged.70 Longer visitor visas cost £50620 for two years, £90320 for five and £1,12820 for ten.

UK Standard Visitor visa and ETA fees by fee table, 2024-2026
Fee in pounds by fee table, and in US dollars at the average exchange rate of the table's year (2026: the September 18, 2026 rate); rows in force today first
Unit: pounds (GBP); US dollars (USD)
8 April 2026£135£20$180.52$26.74in force
8 October 2026£135£20$180.52$26.74published in advance, unchanged
9 April 2025£127£16$167.54$21.11replaced
31 January 2024£115£10$146.98$12.78replaced
Source: UK Home Office immigration and nationality fee tables; exchange rates2070686951276travelstatisticsbureau.com

India's e-Tourist visa costs US citizens $1028 for 30 days from April to June, $2528 for 30 days in the rest of the year, $4028 for one year and $16028 for five years. The standard five-year fee is $20028, paid by nationals of 14228 of the 17528 countries on the fee list. Another 2228 countries pay nothing, and the UK and four Crown dependencies and territories pay $48428.

India five-year e-Tourist visa fee, countries by fee, 2026
Number of the 175 countries and territories on India's e-Tourist fee list, by the five-year visa fee their nationals pay; Other = $120, $160 or $220 (one country each)
Unit: countries and territories
  1. $200 (standard)14281.1%
  2. $0 (no fee)2212.6%
  3. $48452.9%
  4. $2531.7%
  5. Other31.7%
Source: Government of India, e-Tourist visa fee list (September 2026)28travelstatisticsbureau.comDownload PNG
What the data shows
  • 142 of the 175 countries pay the standard $200.
  • 22 countries pay no fee at all.
  • Countries paying $200 are 81.1% of the list.

China charges US citizens a flat $14022 for any entry type, from a single entry to a multiple-entry visa of 12 months or more, while other nationals pay from $2322 to $6822 depending on the number of entries. Express service adds $2522 and rush service $3722. Canada's eTA costs CAN$719, and Australia's ETA carries a service charge of AUD 2021 for stays of up to three months per entry.

China visa fee by entry type, US citizens and other nationals, 2026
Visa fee at the consulate in New York, applicable to December 31, 2026; express (+$25) and rush (+$37) service extra
Unit: US dollars (USD) per visa
Single entry$140$23
Double entry$140$34
Multiple entry, 6 months$140$45
Multiple entry, 12 months or more$140$68
Source: Consulate General of the People's Republic of China in New York, visa fees22travelstatisticsbureau.com

What it adds up to for a traveler

An Arizonan who only flies within the United States pays $251 once for up to eight years of domestic flights, or $454 for every 10-day trip without a compliant ID.5 A visitor to the United States pays $1858 for a visa or $40.277 for an ESTA, with the $25038 Visa Integrity Fee written into law but not yet collected.

A Schengen applicant pays €909 for the visa plus travel insurance. On one insurer's basic plan that is €4.9067 for a 1-2-day trip, €62.5067 for 30 days, 69%6 of the visa fee, and €9967 for 3 months, more than the fee itself. In 2025, 14.6%11 of applications were refused. For a US citizen the same trip needs no visa at all, only a passport.23 The €2024 ETIAS travel authorization will be added once it starts; no start date has been announced.25

FAQ

Is the Arizona Travel ID the same as a REAL ID?

Yes. The Arizona Travel ID is the state's REAL ID-compliant driver license or ID card, marked with a gold star.2

Can I still fly within the US without a Travel ID?

Yes, with another accepted ID such as a passport, or by paying $45 for TSA ConfirmID, which covers 10 days of travel and does not guarantee clearance.4 5

Can I use a Travel ID to fly abroad?

No. International travel still requires a passport.2

Do Americans need a Schengen visa?

Not for stays of up to 90 days in any 180-day period.23 The €20 ETIAS travel authorization is not yet collected: its planned late-2026 start was dropped, and the EU will announce the start date several months before launch.24 25 26

Is the $250 Visa Integrity Fee charged yet?

Not officially. It was enacted on July 4, 2025 and is to be implemented in a later notice; by September 25, 2026 no official collection notice had been published, and the start date is pending.38

Conclusions

  1. A $25 Travel ID costs the least per year. Of the documents that clear an airport checkpoint, it costs $3.13 per year of validity, against $6.50 for a passport card and $16.50 for a passport book, and one $45 ConfirmID window costs $20 more than the card itself.1 8 4
  2. Online authorizations are rising quickly. The ESTA costs 2.88 times its 2010 price, the UK ETA doubled from £10 to £20 between the January 2024 and April 2026 fee tables, and the €20 ETIAS charge is set with no start date announced.7 20 24 25
  3. Schengen refusals stayed high as demand lagged. Applications in 2025 were about 72% of the 2019 level, while the refusal rate, 14.6%, is about three times the 2013 rate; part of the step in 2020 comes from a new way of calculating the rate.11
  4. On a longer trip, insurance costs about as much as the visa. One insurer's basic plan that meets the €30,000 rule starts at €4.90, but only for 1-2 days; 30 days cost €62.50, 69% of the €90 visa fee, and 3 months €99, more than the fee.10 67
  5. US visa demand is back, with a new fee waiting. The United States issued 10,969,936 nonimmigrant visas in fiscal 2024, and a $250 Visa Integrity Fee would lift a visitor visa to $435 once it is collected.41 38

Methodology

  • Arizona: Travel ID fee, validity and issuance milestones, 2021-2026.
  • United States: REAL ID compliance 2019-2024 with official projections; visa and entry fees 2002-2026; nonimmigrant visas issued FY2004-FY2024.
  • Schengen area: visa fee 2010-2026; applications, visas issued and refusal rate 2009-2025; 2024 by country.
  • Other destinations: UK, Canada, Australia, India and China fees in force on September 25, 2026.

Definition. Arizona Travel ID fee = the state fee for the REAL ID-compliant driver license or ID card (Authorized Third Party convenience fees are not published and not included). Visa fee = the application fee charged per applicant for a short visitor visa; travel authorization = an online permit for visa-free nationals (ESTA, eTA, ETA, ETIAS). Rates are those in force on September 25, 2026; fees enacted but not yet collected are labelled. US visas issued = nonimmigrant visas issued at Foreign Service posts, including border crossing cards, by fiscal year. Schengen applications and visas issued = uniform (C) short-stay visas at consulates; refusal rate = share of applications not issued.

Data sources. Arizona Department of Transportation (Travel ID pages, fee page, news releases); U.S. Department of Homeland Security REAL ID final rule (January 2025); Transportation Security Administration ConfirmID releases; 22 CFR 22.1 and 51.4 (eCFR); Department of State, Customs and Border Protection, DHS and USCIS fee rules and notices in the Federal Register (2002-2026); Report of the Visa Office, Tables I, XVI and XVII; EU Visa Code, Regulation (EU) 2019/1155 and Regulation (EU) 2018/1806; European Commission visa statistics for consulates 2009-2024, 2025 release, Schengen fee and ETIAS announcements; Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1415; the official ETIAS site and a July 2026 report on its start date; UK Home Office fee tables; IRCC eTA page; Australian Department of Home Affairs ETA page; Government of India e-Tourist fee list; Chinese consulate in New York fee table; one commercial insurer's published Schengen insurance prices (labelled); Federal Reserve G.5A and H.10 exchange rates.

Calculations. Foreign fees are converted at the Federal Reserve rate: each year's average for past fees, the September 18, 2026 daily rate for fees in force today. Schengen yearly totals are sums of the consulate workbooks, matching the published grand totals for 2013-2024; 2025 values are rounded from the yearly release. The refusal rate for 2011-2013 is visas not issued divided by applications, the formula the published 2014-2019 rates follow; from 2020 the published rate uses a different calculation and runs slightly higher, so it is shown as a table without a trend line. Country refusal shares for 2024 are our calculation. US visas issued and Schengen applications are shown as tables without trend lines, because the 2020-2021 collapse makes any straight-line fit misleading. Trend lines are ordinary least-squares straight lines over the stated fit range, extended to 2050 with a 95% prediction range: our calculation, not a forecast.

Limitations. Arizona publishes Travel ID counts only at milestones, and no official state-by-state REAL ID series exists. US visa statistics for fiscal 2025 were not yet published. The number of Schengen states reporting consulate data grew from 25 to 28 over the period; membership itself was 25 in 2009-2011, 26 up to 2022, 27 in 2023 and 29 in 2024. Insurance prices are one insurer's list prices and change with age and destination. Visa bonds are refundable deposits, not fees.

Sources

  1. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Fees (Driver License).” azdot.gov, 2026. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  2. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Arizona Travel ID.” azdot.gov, 2026. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  3. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Federal REAL ID air travel enforcement begins Wednesday, May 7.” azdot.gov, 2025-05-06. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  4. Transportation Security Administration. “$45 Fee Option for Air Travelers Without a REAL ID Begins February 1.” tsa.gov, 2026-01-15. tsa.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  5. Transportation Security Administration. “TSA successfully rolls out TSA ConfirmID.” tsa.gov, 2026-02-05. tsa.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  6. Travel Statistics Bureau. “Travel Statistics Bureau calculations.” own calculation, 2026. Methodology. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  7. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. “Certain DHS Immigration Fees Required by HR-1: Fiscal Year 2026 Adjustments for Inflation (notice, FR Doc. 2025-20304).” Federal Register, 2025-11-19. govinfo.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  8. U.S. Department of State. “22 CFR 22.1, Schedule of fees (version of 2026-09-23).” eCFR, 2026-09-23. ecfr.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  9. European Commission. “Schengen Visa Fee increased as of 11 June 2024.” home-affairs.ec.europa.eu, 2024-06-13. home-affairs.ec.europa.eu. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  10. European Parliament and Council of the European Union. “Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code).” EUR-Lex, 2009-07-13. eur-lex.europa.eu. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  11. European Commission. “Schengen short-stay Visa applications rise in 2025 but remain below pre-pandemic levels.” home-affairs.ec.europa.eu, 2026-05-28. home-affairs.ec.europa.eu. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  12. Arizona Department of Transportation. “How much will a Travel ID cost?” azdot.gov, 2026. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  13. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Why now is a great time to upgrade to the Arizona Travel ID.” azdot.gov, 2021-11-09. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  14. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Number of Arizona Travel IDs now exceeds 2 million.” azdot.gov, 2023-05-31. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
  15. Arizona Department of Transportation. “Number of Arizona Travel IDs now exceeds 2.5 million.” azdot.gov, 2025-03-11. azdot.gov. Accessed 2026-09-25. Back to text
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About the author

Dr. Marcus Oyelaran
Senior Researcher, Travel HR and Workforce Mobility

Marcus Oyelaran researches how organizations manage business travel, relocation, duty of care and the workforce behind the travel industry itself. He holds a PhD in organizational behavior from a leading Canadian business school, where his dissertation examined burnout and retention among frequent business travelers. Before joining the publication, Marcus spent 12 years in corporate human resources, most recently as Global Mobility Director for a multinational with roughly 60,000 employees in 40 countries. He designed travel and relocation policies, negotiated with travel-management companies and relocation vendors, and led the firm's duty-of-care program, including crisis response for staff caught in regional emergencies. He holds a senior-level HR professional certification and sits on the research advisory network of a global business-travel industry association. His reports combine survey data he collects directly from HR and travel managers with public labor statistics, and he has been cited in reporting on airline and hotel staffing shortages.

Daniel R. Whitcombe
Reviewed by
Editor-in-Chief, Travel Statistics Bureau

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